Astana, Kazakhstan

History

Cultural Landmarks

City Transport

The city began as a small settlement called Akmolinsk, founded in 1830 as a Cossack fort.
During Soviet times, under the Virgin Lands campaign, it became Tselinograd.
After Kazakhstan gained independence, in 1997, the capital was moved from Almaty to Akmola.
In 1998, Akmola was renamed Astana, which literally means “capital” in Kazakh.
The city has rapidly modernized, growing in population, size, and infrastructure.
There is a master plan for the city designed by the Japanese architect Kisho Kurokawa, giving much of its distinctive futuristic look.
The city began as a small settlement called Akmolinsk, founded in 1830 as a Cossack fort.
During Soviet times, under the Virgin Lands campaign, it became known as Tselinograd.
After Kazakhstan gained independence, in 1997, the capital was moved from Almaty to Akmola.
In 1998, Akmola was renamed Astana, which literally means “capital” in Kazakh.
The city has rapidly modernized, growing in population, size, and infrastructure.
There is a master plan for the city designed by the Japanese architect Kisho Kurokawa, giving much of Astana its distinctive futuristic look.

Baiterek Tower

Baiterek Tower is the main symbol of Astana, representing the Kazakh legend of the Tree of Life and the sacred bird Samruk.
The tower offers panoramic views of the modern capital from its glass observation deck.
Its futuristic design reflects Kazakhstan’s vision for progress and national identity.
It is one of the most visited attractions in the city.

Khan Shatyr Entertainment Center

Khan Shatyr is a giant tent-shaped complex designed by Norman Foster and serves as a major cultural and recreational hub.
Inside, visitors find shops, cafes, and even an indoor sandy beach.
The building symbolizes the traditional Kazakh yurt in a modern form.
It stands as one of Astana’s architectural icons.

Palace of Peace and Reconciliation (The Pyramid)

This pyramid-shaped building hosts international peace, cultural, and interfaith events.
Designed by Norman Foster, it symbolizes unity among different nations and religions.
Inside, there are conference halls, an opera hall, and cultural exhibitions.
It is considered one of the most meaningful structures in the capital.

Hazrat Sultan Mosque

The Hazrat Sultan Mosque is one of the largest in Central Asia and features traditional Islamic architecture.
It includes beautifully decorated domes, spacious prayer halls, and ornate calligraphy.
The mosque serves as both a spiritual and cultural center for visitors and locals.
It is a key landmark representing Kazakh religious heritage.

Independence Square (Kazakh Eli Square)

Independence Square is the central ceremonial area of Astana, used for national events and celebrations.
The Kazakh Eli monument, located here, symbolizes the country’s strength and unity.
Surrounding buildings include major cultural and government institutions.
It is an important gathering place for public life in the capital.

Triumphal Arch Mäñgilik El

The Triumphal Arch symbolizes Kazakhstan’s independence and aspirations for a bright future.
It features artistic sculptures representing history, culture, and peace.
The structure stands as a gateway to the modern part of the city.
It is a popular spot for photos and city tours.

Astana has a modern and efficient transportation system.

The city uses buses, BRT lines, taxis, and modern infrastructure.